2018年uscpa考试《财务会计与报告far》常考知识点-凯发网站

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2018年uscpa考试《财务会计与报告far》常考知识点
作者:泽稷小编 发布时间:2018-12-03 17:11

  2018年凯发网站q4考季马上结束了,泽稷教育小编为帮助广大学员全力冲刺备考接下来的考试,特别为同学们总结了《财务会计与报告far》的常考知识点:现金流——cash flow。
 
  module 2:statement of cash flows(i)
 
  1.presentation requirements
 
  ●fs must includes statements of cfs
 
  ●provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities
 
  ●information of material noncash events also presents
 
  ●us.gaap does not require disclosing cash flow per share
 
  ●ifrs does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share
 
  2.cash and cash equivalents
 
  ●cash:actual cash(i.e.,currency,demand deposits)
 
  ●cash equivalents:short-term liquid investment
 
  ●readily convertible into certain amounts of cash
 
  ●so near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
 
  e.g.treasury bills;
 
  <90 days original maturity period high liquid investments
 
  note:bank overdraft is not cash under us.gaap,but can be included in cash under ifrs.
 
  要点一:
 
  现金等价物:
 
  -高流动性,可快速变现(充分流通的市场)短期票据/投资
 
  -原始到期日(变现期限)小于90天
 
  -现金价值金额固定或几乎无价值变动风险
 
  -公司对现金等价物有明确会计政策,并在fs中充分披露
 
  3.cash flow statement(cfs)
 
  statement of cf reconcile cash&cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance
 
  composed by:
 
  ●operating cash flows(cfo),from transactions reported on the i/s,and current assets and current liabilities.
 
  ●investing cash flows(cfi),from noncurrent assets.
 
  ●financing cash flows(cff),from debt(non-current liabilities)and equity.
 
  ●cash and cash equivalent beginning balance cfo cfi cff(net increase/decrease in cash)
 
  =cash and cash equivalent ending balance
 
  ●methods of edit cfo
 
  –the direct method(encourage)
 
  –the indirect method
 
  direct/indirect method only different on cfo
 
  the cfi&cff are the same.
 
  4.direct method
 
  convert each major item on i/s into cashable ones
 
  ●present major classes of cfo
 
  e.g.cash received from customer,cash paid to suppliers and employees
 
  ●noncash items do not appear
 
  e.g.depreciation,amortization,depletion,equity method income
 
  ●reconciliation of ni to cfo is required as a separate schedule under u.s.gaap.
 
  要点二:
 
  major cfo items calculation
 
  公式:各项损益表经营性项目 /-资产负债表项目变化
 
  1)cash received from customers
 
  =revenue…………………………accrual basis
 
  –receivable increase
 
   receivable decrease
 
   increase in unearned revenue
 
  –decrease in unearned revenue
 
  2)cash paid to suppliers
 
  =cost of goods sold…………………accrual basis
 
   inventory increase
 
  -inventory decrease
 
  -ap increase
 
   ap decrease
 
  3)cash paid to employees
 
  =salaries and wages payable……………accrual basis
 
  -wages payable increase
 
   wages payable decrease
 
  4)other operating cash payments
 
  =other operating expenses………………accrual basis
 
   prepaid expense increase
 
  -prepaid expense decrease
 
   accrued liabilities decrease
 
  -accrued liabilities increase
 
  module 2:statement of cash flows(ii)
 
  5.indirect method
 
 
 
  ●debit balance accounts:
 
  ar,inventory,prepaid expense,dta
 
  ●credit balance accounts:
 
  ap,accrued expense,unearned revenue,dtl
 
  ●non cash expense:
 
  depreciation,amortization,depletion,allowance/provision,goodwill impairment
 
  ●non cash income:
 
  income by payment of property,service,securities,cod.
 
  ●none operating gain/loss
 
  remove and analyze actual net receipt from cfo to cfi
 
  e.g.gain/loss from sales of pp&e or land,should be removed from ni,instead report in cfi the full proceeds received from sales of pp&e or land.
 
  undistributed earned on entity investment,removed from ni.report actual dividends received in cfo.
 
  要点三:经营净现金流间接法计算
 
  ●净利润为起点,调整非现金收支和非经营项目
 
  ●非现金收入主要考虑非现金对价的收入,如对价为实物资产,股权,证券,cod等
 
  ●非现金支出主要考虑:1)折旧摊销等为满足匹配原则的长期成本回收项目2)为满足谨慎性原则的准备和减值项目
 
  ●将长期资产购置处置,股权投资购置,收益及处置,和融资内容调整至cfi,cff,并将其中的非现金部分单独补充说明
 
  ●timing difference经营性净收入口径由accrual basis调整为cash basis
 
  调整资产和负债中应计(收现延迟),和预提(付现延迟)项目,及预收(收现提前)和预付(付现提前)项目,以流动性项目为主
 
  ●部分非现金及资产负债项目的分析
 
  如存在坏账核销,由于坏账核销不影响当期净损益但影响ar期末数据,应在ni的非现金ar调整中剔除
 
  债券溢价或折价发行时,cash paid for interest应考虑损益表项目利息费用 /-债券溢价/折价的摊销
 
  e.g.amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the cfo.(interest paid is in cfo)
 
  利息资本化和非资本化的内容分别计算,资本化部分cfi,非资本化部分cfo
 
  当期折旧费用可以通过b/s累计折旧/净值的变化,剔除pp&e购置或处置带来的折旧/净值变化因素得到。
 
 
  ■5-2 cfi
 
  purchase or sale of non-current assets
 
  e.g.pp&e,finance assets(available-for-sale,held-to-maturity),acquiring other entity under acquisition method,loan principle outflow/inflow
 
  ■5-3 cff
 
  transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity
 
  e.g.issue stock,bonds,notes,dividends,repurchase,repay principle,treasury stock transaction(note:receipt dividends&interest,paying interest are cfo;paying dividend are cff)
 
  ■5-4 noncash invest and finance activities
 
  要点四:非现金投资和融资行为单独披露,分项说明
 
  supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future cf
 
  e.g.purchase pp&e or entity by issuing stock,notes,or by cod.
 
  ●conversion bond to equity,preferred share to common share as financing activity(从负债转为权益项目)
 
  ●capital lease obligation for acquiring assets
 
  ●noncash assets exchange
 
  要点五:所得税和利息单独披露要求
 
  ●allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to cfi/cff is allowable in ifrs,tax paid separately present in cf is required.
 
  ●us gaap requires income taxes paid and interests paid(net of amounts capitalized)be separately presented in cf statement as cfo items,direct method,or disclosed in supplemental disclosure,indirect method
 
  ●cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of cf under u.s.gaap,because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.
 
  泽稷教育小编预祝每位aicpa学员都将在far考试中取得好成绩!
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